Logical Fallacies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Logical Fallacies - Essay Example This fallacy illustrates disconnect in the premises and the conclusions. Informal fallacies forms include; inappropriate arguments or generalizations, due to ignorance. Informal fallacies are usually more common and interesting than the formal fallacies (Engle 141). In this paper, I’ll discuss the second logical fallacy illustrated in the assignment instruction. The fallacy is: Tradition is not always right. On Saturday, 23rd August 2014, I had a discussion with a class friend on the roles of tradition in the society. My friend continuously illustrated that tradition is not always rights; in order to influence my opinion on only the negative aspects of tradition. This fallacy illustrates informal fallacy, which is based on argument due to ignorance. My friend did not understand the importance of tradition in our society; but I effectively did my part by explaining the positive and negative issues in tradition. Tradition has greater significance in any society than previously believed. Tradition represents existing knowledge; and it is a collection of related ideas and concepts lasting for long time durations (Shils 42). These ideas are continuously improved in the society through addition of new knowledge. This is referred to as dynamic tradition. On the other hand, static tradition does not change easily over time. The prevalent tradition type in America is the mixed tradition that combines the two traditional approaches. Dynamic tradition is very significant because it illustrates the best knowledge in America. The tradition discovers the best ideas, and then continuously discards knowledge proved to be mistaken. Dynamic tradition is best due to the great levels of criticism, thought, and error correction allowed. If there is a wrong aspect in tradition; then emphasis should be on improving it, and not abandoning the aspect. Tradition should be flexible enough to

Freedom Of Speech And Expression Study On China Media Essay

Freedom Of Speech And Expression Study On China Media Essay Almost every country in the world has a constitution, which outlines the basic laws and political principles of a government. Within this constitution are the freedoms, rights and liberties of its people. One such freedom is the freedom of speech and expression, which is the fundamental right to express your thoughts, views, concerns and ideas. This privilege includes communication through speech and writing and non-verbal forms of communication, such as picketing or demonstrating to convey discontent. There is truth to the adage that actions often speak louder than words. Freedom of speech and expression is not absolute. There are boundaries that must be observed. For example, you cannot destroy or otherwise damage the reputations of other people with untruths or distortions of the truth. As every individual has the right to speak ones mind, so then do we have the right as well as the obligation to hear what others have to say, and one must be tolerant of what the message is. As George Orwell said, If liberty means anything at all, it means the right to tell people what they dont want to hear. Censorship is an ugly reality. In the media, we often see it portrayed on posters and placards as an angry slash across a mouth or perhaps a hand covering the mouth or the eyes. The truth of the matter is that it is persistent and insidious throughout the world, not just in countries notorious for repressing its citizens but in our own back yard. Freedom of speech can never totally manifest itself, as censorship is always nearby. One must ask the question, then, are people truly free to express their thoughts? The Peoples Republic of China is the worlds most densely inhabited country with roughly 1.3 billion inhabitants. In terms of world economies, it is second only to the United States, and, assuming it continues to modernize at its present rate, will have the worlds largest economy by some point in the twenty first century (Bloomberg). It is a nuclear power, occupies one of the five permanent seats on the United Nations Security Council, has achieved very high and sustained rates of economic growth and has managed to pull hundreds of millions of its own citizens out of poverty. Regardless of these achievements, China still has a number of significant problems to deal with, such as inadequate health care and environmental protection and the significant issue of ethnic tensions between China and Tibet. As for its government, despite attempts to amend Chinas political system, it remains a steadfast communist state. The Chinese Empire united a huge territory and many different peoples. During the more than two thousand years of imperial rule, China developed a mode of government that was highly dictatorial, willing to use violence to suppress dissent, and which stressed the value of the group over that of the individual. The Republic of China was established on January 1, 1912, and was then replaced by the Peoples Republic of China on October 1, 1949. Censorship in the Media This rigid form of government is still in place. In an article written for Reporters Sans Frontià ¨res, an undisclosed Chinese technician reported that it has a great deal of power and is highly controlling, using most of the traditional news media such as radio, TV, and print to maintain its unbending power over its citizens and policies. The Communist Party of China, abbreviated to CPC, has forbidden autonomous news and independent information. When a brand new source of information surfaced, called the Internet, the same level of control that the government once had was somewhat lost. The Internet is the first avenue to present an immediate method of sharing and expressing personal views to the public, and within China, these views are often oppositional to the governments perspective. (Journey to the Heart of Internet Censorship) Merriam-Webster defines censorship as the suppression or deletion of anything that is considered to be offensive, immoral or harmful to society. It follows, then, that Internet censorship is the suppression of any and all information available via the Internet that may be considered to be offensive, immoral or harmful to society. The Communist Party of China heavily supervises this accessible information in order to protect itself and to ensure that its citizens are not armed with any rebellious or otherwise contrary ideas. Any commentary that does not adhere to the official government position must be amended or the reporter is fired. All internet service providers operating in China must practice self-censorship or risk the loss of their license to operate. This stranglehold that the government has over these private websites is the countrys best form of censorship. The keystone of the censorship system in China is that basically ownership is censorship. If you own something Web site editor, newspaper editor, press group owner you are responsible for what is there. (Bequelin) It has been suggested by various western reporters that a further motive for Chinas Internet censorship is so that the government may be able to coerce its population to buy local, so to speak, as the open market is not readily available. This practice therefore may be an artificial boost to its own e-commerce industry. Although this censorship exists all over the world, China practices it at an extreme level. The Paris based organization Reporters Sans Frontià ¨res, RSF, has China on its Internet Enemy List, ranking it 171st out of 178 countries (2010) in terms of press freedom. China has implemented the worlds most complicated information barrier to monitor the Internet material coming into China from outside the country. They screen the constant stream of information, watchful of certain key words, blocking out harmful sites. This barrier has been coined The Great Firewall of China. Nearly all Internet data enters or leaves China via fiber-optic cables at three points, and the Chinese government has ordered Chinese Internet carriers to install routers there, which act as gatekeepers by filtering out material deemed illegal. The government provides carriers with a list of all the banned sites, identified by their Internet Protocol (IP) addresses and URL (uniform resource identifier), and these are simply fed into the filters. (Petley, p. 104) This Great Firewall of China was built primarily by Cisco, an American-based multinational corporation that designs and sells consumer electronics, networking and communications technology and services. When the Internet search engine Google launched a special version in early 2006 that would censor searches for topics that the Chinese authorities did not wish its citizens to discuss, it was widely regarded as a concession by the company to a regime unwilling to allow free speech. Google maintains that the only way they could remain in China and be competitive with domestic search engines was to offer Google.cn. Yahoo, Microsoft and Skype all justify their censored versions of their product offered to China by claiming that these modified editions are necessary for them to be able to participate in the worlds largest market. In 2008 the eyes of the world fell on Beijing, as it hosted the summer Olympic Games. This was an opportunity for China to show the world how far it had come since the reforms of 1978 in terms of economic, political, and social development. The infrastructure, planning and the games themselves were a huge success, generating enormous global television audiences. However, early on in the Games it became clear that the Chinese government was censoring journalists access to the Internet in the official media center. In its bid to host the Games in 2001, the Chinese government had promised to give journalists complete freedom to report from the Games. However, when the time came, journalists found they were unable to access Internet websites related to human rights issues, popular unrest, Chinese politics, Taiwan or Tibet or even food safety issues. Despite international outcry at the censorship, and some slight changes in the level of censorship, journalists were never able to attain co mplete, unrestricted access during the Games. Tiananmen Square The Chinese government continuously manipulates or restricts history if they perceive it as a threat to the social, political or economic stability of the country. One such incident is the Tiananmen Square Massacre of 1989. Tiananmen Square is the worlds largest public square situated in Beijing, China. It has been the location of many historical events, such as the May 1919 uprising, Mao Zedongs proclamation of the Peoples Republic of China on October 1, 1949 and the Massacre on June 4th, 1989. Although the protests were centered in the square, it has been reported that there were no deaths in the square itself, but rather in the streets surrounding the square. Hu Yaobang, a pro-democracy government official, died on April 15, 1989. With his death came peaceful memorial demonstrations in Shanghai, Beijing, and other cities by students and intellectuals. By April 21, the crowd had grown to roughly 100,000 people. The demonstrators were demanding economic change and an end to the Chinese governments authoritarianism. By May 19, martial law was declared, and military vehicles began to mobilize. Some students began a hunger strike, which grew to thousands, to coincide with a state visit by Soviet party Chief Mikhail Gorbachev, as his presence was covered by foreign media representatives. The government was humiliated. On the night of June 3rd, the government acted. They ordered the Peoples Liberation Army to clear the square and put an end to the protest. No one knows for sure the death toll. Many more died in the days and weeks following, as the government systematically eradicated any remaining dissidents. The International Red Cross put the number of casualties at 2,800 dead and an equal number injured, while Amnesty International believes the number to be closer to 1,000. To this day, the entire events of that period in Chinas history remain unknown. The government refuses to acknowledge the actual number of dead, wounded, imprisoned and executed. In 1991, Prime Minister Li Peng, who had ordered the Tiananmen shootings in consultation with Deng Xiaoping, stated the Partys position, which has not changed since: in view of the families desire for silence and secrecy, the names of the victims would not be released. ((Sorman, p. 160) Chinas economy suffered as the world reacted with international restrictions. Foreign loans to China were suspended by the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, and various governments, such as Japan, suspended all loans to the country. President Bush cancelled all military sales to the Chinese government. Tourism revenue decreased drastically. While other communist countries in the world were falling, the crackdown had the opposite effect than what the students had originally protested for. Censorship in Religion China is officially an atheist state; however, religious freedom was always guaranteed under the Peoples Republic of China constitution. Despite this supposed freedom, only five religions are officially accepted. These are Protestantism, Catholicism, Buddhism, Taoism and Islam. All are strictly controlled by the government. Since the reforms of 1978, the Chinese government has been more tolerant of the revival of religion, in the belief that it will foster greater social cohesion. One religious organization that it will not tolerate is Falun Gong. Although in its earlier stages the government watched and monitored the movement, as it grew in popularity, the Communist Party of China declared it a heretical organization in October 1999. The CPC believes it to be a well organized political group that is in opposition to the central government. Conclusion In recent years, China has begun to relax some of its rigidity. As of October 2008, foreign journalists would not be required to get government permission to travel within China or interview Chinese citizens. However permission was still needed to travel and report in restricted areas such as Tibet and Xinjiang. 2008 saw many of the worlds economies plunge, and China too, felt the downturn. As the global financial crisis worsened, the CPC has allowed some of the bad news reports concerning the economy to be available to its people. This is an important point as one recent immigrant to Canada from China told AFP, the media is different here. In China it is propaganda, promotion of things well done. Here they speak of disasters or human rights, look for negative sides. (Chinese Media) Despite these progresses that China has made in recent years, it is still so heavily censored by a government that is intolerant of its peoples thoughts, opinions and concerns. It is quite obvious that the Chinese are not truly free to express their thoughts. In an address to the officers of the US army in 1738, George Washington, the first president of the United States of America said, If freedom of speech is taken away, then dumb and silent we may be led, like sheep to the slaughter

LVMH: Diversification Strategy into Luxury Goods Essay -- CGSE Busines

LVMH: Diversification Strategy into Luxury Goods Strategic Issues   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By 2002, Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton was the world’s largest luxury products company, enjoying annual sales of 12.2 billion euros. LVMH carries the most prestigious brand names in wine, champagne, fashion, jewelry, and perfume. Upon entrance of this luxury product industry, LVMH was aware that they produced products that nobody needed, but that were desired by millions across the world. This desire in some way fulfills a fantasy, making consumers feel as though they must buy it, or else they will not be in the moment, and thus will be left behind.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The LVMH business portfolio began to take shape in 1987 with the merger between Louis Vuitton and Moet Hennessy which was a four billion dollar merger. Over the course of time, LVMH has acquired over 50 luxury brands, such as Donna Karen, Fendi, and Sephora. They called it, â€Å"a collection of star brands and rising stars.† LVMH found this industry to be timeless and modern, highly profitable, and very rapid growing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Despite all of the above mentioned, LVMH did experience some bumpy times. Some of these times were induced through internal problems, while others were caused by externalities, like Sept. 11. With such a wide range of product offerings, LVMH was on top of the industry in certain aspects, but has room for growth in other areas. One instance in particular nearly caused a division in the company. Hennessy believed the company should focus on wine, spirits, and champagne, however Vuitton wanted to focus on fashion and leather goods. The decision fell into the hands of Bernard Arnault, who became president of LVMH, and sided with Hennessy. Analysis and Evaluation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Under Arnault, the company was the world’s leading luxury product group. Arnault believed that LVMH control of retail chains was critical to luxury brand success. The finer points of retailing were believed to be, influencing of the overall image of luxury products, as much as the product attributes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  LVMH was able to broaden the company’s media operations, create new retail outlet, enhance their line of champagne, and open fashion houses, like Fendi. LVMH found their corporate strategy was diversification into a wide variety of luxury products. They grouped all of their brands into six different business units. Their wine/spirits unit poss... ...at divulges attention to a few aspects in order to do it the best, as opposed to LVMH who does it all. Recommendations   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is important for LVMH to continue to distinguish themselves from other luxury brands, and by continuing to acknowledge that their products are desires and not necessities. They sell luxury, and image. It would be advisable to have better relations with their customers, to increase customer loyalty, but to also get into the minds of the consumer to give the consumer what they desire, all the while staying ahead of the competition. Researchers should be assigned to each specific business unit; it would be a good idea to treat each unit as a separate entity, all-contributing to the same end. By individually enhancing each unit, and eventually collaborating in the end, LVMH will be most profitable. Internet ventures are very important, we live in a time that thrives on technology, and making efforts easier for consumers will be key. Continuing to portray an image or a message with each product will contribute to the brand differentiation. The continual acquisition of profitable names and organizations will continue to increase the profitability of LVMH.

Procedure Guide to Access Control Essay

†¢Explain the need for designing procedures for simple tasks such as creating or modifying access controls Access controls is an important part of security in any business setting. This insures the protection of sensitive materials from being access from unauthorized users as well as keeping in-house materials in-house and not distributed to unauthorized personnel. o When setting procedures up for creating or modifying access controls you have to take in account the type of personnel that will be implementing the procedures. You may have to use simplified methods to allow the users easy access to correct, add or delete information. At the same time the procedure need to be complex enough that unauthorized users cannot get in and change information on their own. Proper procedures insure that a system is not compromised or destroyed based on a simple mistake or miss management of access. †¢List the steps to satisfy each of the requirements in the assignments instructions: 1.Status or setting prior to change : Start menu, Right click computer, select manage This will allow you to see what is currently in place and also bring you to the place you need to be in order to make any changes 2.Reason For Change:  The reason for change could be as simple as a new user needs to be added to a particular group to allow them access to certain information so that they are able to do their job 3.Change to implement:  Start, Admin. Tools, Active direct. Users and computers, right click users, add user, follow prompts to add user, right click group, click add users, follow prompts to add user to group 4.Scope of the change:  Log out of admin. Log into user , test access of group information and add and change capabilities 5.Impact of change:  Impact of change either adds access or denies access but over impact is no change. 6.Status or setting after the change :   You back through the same way you access information as the admin and check the information you entered. 7.Process to evaluate the change:  Again you can view through admin. Or you can log out and view by going  throught the users credentials to check and make sure that access and denies was implemented correctly.

Katha Polliti Essay

Katha Pollitt, writer of â€Å"What’s Wrong with Gay Marriage?† depicts several reasons why people oppose to same sex marriage and among them, the most controversial reason is religion. Even though societies may think legalizing gay marriage will provide established homes for children who are left in orphanages and add financial earnings to state, marriage as it is, is between a man and a woman. Objection to gay marriage are based on religious prejudgment because a marriage of a man and a women is sacred and the approval of same sex marriage will disrupt the sacral institution, in fact, surveys demonstrate an outstanding connection of religiosity with opposition to gay marriage. Gay marriage is mismatch with religious beliefs, sacred texts, and traditions of many religious groups. The Catholic Church, Church of Jesus Christ, Evangelical Lutheran Church, Presbyterian Church, and other churches like these all oppose to same sex marriage. The expansion of same sex marriage may lead to churches being forced to wed couples and children being taught in school that same sex marriage is the same as opposite sex marriage. Americans, who oppose the authorization of same sex marriage, are most likely to explain their position because of religious beliefs of holy passages dealing with same sex relationships. Those who agree to same sex marriage are most likely to defend their point by saying either that it is a matter of human rights, or that such things should be left to the individual choice. The authorization of gay marriage does have profound impact on the society because whenever one violates the natural moral order established by God, one sins and upsets God. Marriage is not the being of any state; rather, God in Paradise established it for our first parents, Adam and Eve, as mentioned in the Book of Genesis. Katha Pollitt cited this quote here: â€Å"People may think marriage is a word wholly owned by religion, but act ually it’s wholly owned by the state† (572). What Pollitt is saying is that the government governs marriage, it involves civil act procedures that permit couples to get married by state authorization, otherwise, they are unable to get married and they must attain a marriage license from city hall. To conclude, marriage is more than just signing a document; it is a sacral pact that units a man and a woman and permitting same sex marriage will violate the sacral institution. One of the biggest debates of whether people should allow gay marriage to occur is due to the opposition of religious believers and sacral institutions. Whether most religions consider homosexuality  immoral, deteriorate the respect for the society of marriage, and confuse children about sexual roles, there will always be opposition about gay marriage. Marriage is a privilege that humans obtain, should humans have the same privilege to choose whom they would want to marry, without intervening with religion?

The US Midterm Elections in the Light of the Tea Party

The US Midterm Elections in the Light of the Tea Party Since the midterm elections which have recently been on the agenda of the United States political life and were promising numerous on-coming changes, it is reasonable to consider the facts which have influenced the result of the elections.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The US Midterm Elections in the Light of the Tea Party specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The influence of the Tea Party which was supporting the Republicans throughout the elections caused the victory of the latter and their obtaining the majority in the House of Representatives. There are certain reasons fro such influence of the Tea Party in the American Parliament, which is going to be the issue of the given research work. However, it cannot be denied that the changes in the mood of the society could be traced and the outcome of the elections could be predicted with more or less strong certainty. The growing influence of the Republicans could not be passed unnoticed, for they were persistent in their attempts to change the existing state of affairs. Amos (2010) claims that By the end of January 2010, the mood had undergone a complete reversal. It was the liberal/socialist in complete disarray. This happened not because of Republican leadership but, it could be argued, as a direct result of Republican hierarchy being in shambles. The people demanded to be heard. Grassroots organizations, led by the Tea Party patriots, would not be silenced and would not allow politicians, or either party, to diminish our inalienable rights or destroy the Constitution of the United States. (p. 80) Regarding the growing influence of the Tea Party movement in the United States, the results of the Midterm elections which have been recently held could be predicted with considerable certainty, since the moods in the government showed clearly that the president and the parliament were aimed at restoring their influence and the reinforcement of t he economical position of the country in the world market, as well as strengthening the position of the country in the world politics. To clarify the issues of the political situation in the United States, it must be explained what a Tea Party is. Since hardly anyone can explain the reasons for the political movement better than its representatives, it would be better to address one of the members of the party to have a better understanding of the subject. Amos (2010) explains the ideas and the views of a Tea Party in the following manner: People who are superficially aware of The Tea Party Patriots, think that we are only â€Å"anti-Obama administration†. No one can pretend to speak for all of the numerous Tea Party groups around the nation, let alone our (15 million or so) members. But the following is fundamental to all of us. We believe in fiscal responsibility, limited government, free markets, respect for our Constitution and the Bill of Rights and a government that ans wers to the people. (81)Advertising Looking for term paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Such statement can mean only that the Tea Party aims at changing Barak Obama’s policy according to their own understanding of the home policy. Aiming at changing the current policy pursued by Obama, the new movement proved to be bordering with extremism, which cannot be used as a good mark for the Tea Party movement. However, in spite of the explicit extremism moves which were undertaken by the Tea Party, it still maintains a good reputation with the population of the United States and its authority does not seem to diminish. Since the conflict in the government of the United States became even more tense and complicated, there was another party created by the conservative part of the American society who were not willing to change the structure of the government so that more than two parties could be repr esented in the parliament. However hard the two parties could oppose each other, sooner or later they will have to face the changes which the government is going to adopt. Whenever the Democrats or the Republicans are going to take their toll on the politics of the United States, there is no doubt that the changes applied will be of crucial importance. And it turned out, the population of the state preferred solid and profound position of the Republicans to the half-baked reasoning of the Democrats. Even with the accusations of racism sounded by Hanks in his project â€Å"The Pacific† (Amos 2010, 91), the Tea Party members managed to maintain that same high level of influence on the population and the government, for the Republicans to win the midterm elections. It could have been that without the support of the Tea Party, the Republicans could have lost the elections to the Democrats. Although the latter did not legitimate the expectations of the parliament and the voters, t he population still could not trust the Republicans and their ideas of the policy that should be conducted. The members of the party were enjoying growing popularity with the citizens of the country. The abovementioned changed the political prognoses in favor of the Tea Party and the ideas which it was promoting, thus, making the way for the Republicans to gain the majority in the parliament. The alternative to the existing foreign and home policy which was spoken about is supposed to come after the midterm elections of 2010. It must be born in mind that the midterm elections should be held to meet the needs which emerge when the new strategy was adopted. Thus, since the USA has been influenced by the unfolding movement of the Tea Party, it was subjected to the necessity to consider the situation from the point of view of the Tea Party and the solutions which it suggests. Different opinions resulted in parliament split, and the Congress was divided in two opposing parts. The situati on could not but have its impact on the Midterm Elections as well, and the considerable strain which had been brewing for several months in the governmental sphere finally erupted with the midterm election results in 2010.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The US Midterm Elections in the Light of the Tea Party specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It was assumed before that the midterm elections could result in the non-beneficial way for the United States. The tension which was growing between the opposing forces was supposed to bring the both parties down since the situation came to the boiling point. The Democrats were highly unlikable to obtain the necessary number of votes to represent the parliament. Their struggle was doomed to fail, even if the Tea Party had never started. Having lost the trust of the voters once, they would not have been able to prove their right and gain the majority of voices to join the Par liament. The tension between the parties resulted in certain problems in holding the midterm elections 2010. As the President’s party, they will obviously face misunderstanding and will not be considered as the optimal candidates to vote for. It was suggested by Adkins that the midterm elections could be harder to hold than they usually do: Colorado’s 4th District is surely near the top of the list of districts that Republicans will be seeking to take back in the 2010 midterm elections. Democrats are liable to face a difficult midterm election nationwide, as the president’s party often does, and the district’s conservative stripes will likely make this a difficult district for the Democrats to defend. (106) The actual result of the midterm elections left much to be desired, since it has shown a sever decline in the economical system of the country and the means of solving economical problems completely out of date and proving to be the worst one throughou t the last few decades. (Watts 2010). The decline can be considered the result of the Tea Party influence, which lowered the Democrats’ standing among the voters and led to the crushing defeat of the Democrats in the struggle for the influence in the Parliament. Unless the Tea Party had not interfered in the elections and the political business, the results of the elections could have been absolutely different. Since the Republicans were not taken as a substitute for the Democrats’ ruling, the outcome of the elections could have been different if the Tea Party had not used its growing authority. Such sad results seem to bring the USA back to the critical state of economical depression which the country already suffered, and the external economical reasons for the U. S. to come to another structure of economical policy evident yet extremely undesirable. As Hirsch (2009) claims,Advertising Looking for term paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Tenth years have the worst record within the Decennial Cycle and 2010 is a midterm election year, which has the second worst record of the 4-year presidential election cycle. (129) However, there are the assumptions that the situation is gradually improving due to the actions which were undertaken by the government. The report on the midterm elections has also testified it. It cannot be predicted with certainty that the improvements are going to take place in the on-coming year, but there have been sufficient evidences to hope for the changes. This is what Hirsch also predicts, regarding the statistics of the past few years: However, the 53,8% Dow Jones industrials bear market decline at press time indicates that the piper has been paid. Prospects for a positive 2010, the first positive tenth year since 1980 are improving. (129) Taking the abovementioned into account, one can claim that the economical situation started to regain stability, owing to the Tea Party and its influence on the political system of the USA. It was claimed that the importance of the decision taken during the midterm elections on November 2, 2010 could not be doubted and that it would mark the course of actions of the economical policy for the next several decades. With the Tea Party influence, the victory if the Republicans could be predicted easily. Since the course of actions of the parliament from this time on will depend on the policy of the Republicans, the state is not going to emulate the economic models which are suggested by other countries, thus keeping the democracy principles instead of adopting the ones that are foreign to the American traditions and political life. The new step undertaken by the government will have the effect on the economics without involving the foreign methods to obtain the desirable result. The United States are determined to keep to their line of conduct regardless of the difficulties that they can face. It must be well noted that the continuous deba tes which have been held on the topic of either adopting the new model of economical behavior or its rejection did not favor the complicated situation in the government. The supporters of the new ideas presented a well-supported argument against the methods which were applied by the government, and the state was split in two parties, which would not agree upon a compromising decision. It is necessary to take into consideration that such conflicts have been encountered not once and that it has been not once that an elaborated political strategy was ejected because of the false assumptions and the predictions based on the unverified information. Thus, it is important to keep in mind that the Federal Government was to face the States’ Rights in a heated debate concerning the nation’s profit and the directions in which the further political steps should be made. With the urge to satisfy the needs of the nation, the Fed was opposing the States’ Rights to eliminate fi nancial instability within the country. Since both sides were mostly preoccupied with the influence which they had on the nation and the subject of their argument was the level of influence which each of them was supposed to share, it could be easily predicted that such debates would not lead anywhere. Trying to reconcile the opponents, Vile (2010) suggests the following interpretation of the political events which took place: Many had, of course, left because of business and personal reasons rather than because they disagreed with the way that proceedings were going. Of those who remained, however, Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts, and Edmund Rudolph and George Mason of Virginia refused to sign. Their concerns about states’ rights and the absence of a bill of rights helped fuel the debate that followed as citizens decided whether to accept this new character of government. (111) With such approach, it becomes clear that the debates as for the economical and personal interests bordering with each other had been boiling up for long time before it erupted as the elections of 2010 were held. The role of the governmental influence must not be diminished as well. Such heated were the debates that the result was suffered through a long track of misconception and arguments directed at the existing system of governing the country and managing the parliament affairs. Thus, the country has already seen the problems concerning misconceptions within the country, which must have influenced the outcome of the elections in 2010. In spite of the fact that the government of the USA knows well the price for the wrong step made in the sphere of politics, the aggravation that might occur in case the USA adopted the policy of another states, the result would have been much more disadvantageous in terms of the international and home policy. It must be admitted that the decision taken by the government in November, 2010 was predetermined by the circumstances and was aimed at a chieving better life standards without sacrificing the national ideas to a dubious economic profit. Reflecting on the choice of the parliament during the midterm elections and the prevailing influence of the Tea Party whose arguments have been considered as the starting point for the future changes and economical reforms, the concept of the Constitution interpretation must be also taken into consideration. Since some of the politics tended to adhere to the strict interpretation of the Constitution, while the others tended to consider the Constitutional postulates taking the expansive interpretation as the starting point for their reasoning, the split was inevitable. As Shultz (2005) says, There are different philosophies and approaches to constitutional interpretation. Otherwise, an individual’s nomination and confirmation to the Supreme Court, especially during the 20th century, has been influenced by and concerned with hi or her judicial philosophy of constitutional interpr etation. One philosophy of constitutional interpretation is strict interpretation. A strict interpretation believes in an interpretation of the Constitution in narrow terms. (103) The split of interests caused stir in the parliament and led to the governmental split, which was not to take place again for the sake of the economical and political stability of the country. Since both parties were preoccupied with the division of powers over the nation, they could not focus on the problem which was crucial for the state and the nation: Justice Scalia claims that winning the conflict with secularists requires people of faith to reaffirm the religiosity that is at the soul of the Constitution. Victory also requires people of faith promoting a strict interpretation of the Constitution, where we would all have to accept, as Justice Scalia writes in Herrera v Collins (1993) that â€Å"there is no basis in text, tradition or even in contemporary practice for finding in the Constitution a rig ht to demand judicial consideration of newly discovered evidence of innocence brought forward after conviction†Ã¢â‚¬  (Rodriguez 2010, 98) Thus, the supporters of the strict reading of Constitution agreed upon the fact that, in order to avoid any misinterpretations of the Constitution, its interpretation should be strict and not be subdued to any subjective evaluations. The point on which the supporters of the strict reading of the Constitution elaborated was dictated by the desire to make the state economical and political system stronger and less influenced by the outer negative factors. However, there were also the people who preferred another point of view on the given problem and could not agree upon the strict reading of the Constitution. The advocates of the expansive interpretation of the Constitution argued upon the fact that the law must be turned into the solid piece of justice which their opponents were aiming to make it. On the contrary, the advocates of the exte nsive interpretation suggested that the Constitution must be flexible so that it could meet the needs of every single citizen of the United States. Employed by Brennan, expansive interpretation of the Constitution mean that the latter becomes â€Å"a tool for advancing civil rights and social justice† (Shultz 2005, 53). The last point from which the Tea Party and the Midterm elections are to be viewed from is the opposition of the weak and the strong federation government, which triggered the appearance of the strict interpretation of the Constitution described above. In the times when the government could not suggest strong support for the state and the security of the nation, the strict interpretation of the Constitution would not allow the state to collapse, keeping it together. This situation has been described by numerous authors, and has left a significant trace in the history of the United States: The idea that the Constitution should be supreme in certain matters stem med from widespread dissatisfaction with the weak federal government that has existed previously under the articles of Confederation adopted in 1781. (Schmidt 2009, 530). It must be also kept in mind that the Federal government could not perform all its duties because of the fact that it was shaken to the core with the crisis which was reigning in those times. The very idea that the situation can occur once again must have made the necessary impression on the current American government so that it could allow the Republican Party to be elected and their principles of conducting the political matters should come into force. Although the crisis has been prevented for so many times and the danger was avoided, the American government still remembers the days when the country was extremely weak and could not engage itself either in politics, or economics. The abovementioned meant that the country was lying in the ashes, and only miracle could save it from complete collapse. Since such mi racle occurred, nowadays the governmental bodies are doing their best to prevent such things from happening. Barak Obama and the Cabinet are claiming that they are going to undertake every measure possible in order to take the country to the top of the political and economical flourishing. Still the policy of Obama needs certain corrections, which the new Cabinet is going to provide soon. Since the president and the parliament display an explicit divergence of opinions, three must be a long way ahead for the home and foreign policy improvement, as well as the solution of the current economical problems. It must be well understood that the new laws and amendments to the Constitution are supposed to be aimed at improvements, for the country needs them now as much as ever. With regard to the current to the existing government it should be mentioned that they have already undertaken the steps to take the country to the top of the economic area. The midterm elections which have been rece ntly carried out will help the country head for the changes which will improve the existing state of affairs. As Watts (2010) said, Midterm elections offer a chance to assess the mood of the country and the president’s chance of re-election. They can inspire or demoralize the person in the White House or his would-be challengers. They can be particularly significant during some presidencies. In November 1994, the Republican scored a convincing victory, capturing both chambers of Congress for the first time of so many years and thereby dealing a blow to the future legislative and other prospects of the Clinton presidency. (195) Thus, it would be logical to suggest that the new state of affairs which the midterm elections have set will result in numerous benefits for the country. The improvements are bound to happen soon, since the changes which the Republicans will bring are going to be centered on enhancing the state’s security and economic stability. Although it is im possible to predict for sure now what processes exactly the new policy will trigger, it can be supposed with sufficient certainty that the new government will focus on the national production and will contribute to the development of the country’s economics in order to represent the products in the world market. Otherwise, there will be very little chance for the USA to remain the world leader in economics and trade. Therefore, it is very important for the United States to maintain the process of the economical growth and avoid being misled on the way to the economic hegemony. Reference List Adkins, Randall E. 2010. Cases in Congressional Campaigns: Incumbents  Playing Defense. New York, NY: Taylor and Francis Randall Adkins, a man of great influence in the political and literature circles in the modern world, suggests in his book his own version of what has happened during the midterm elections in 2008 and provides a deep analysis of the current political situation in the United States. He also makes a prognosis concerning the winner of the on-coming elections and gives a deep insight on the main problems which the government may face afterwards. His idea of the midterm elections is that they should be aimed at improving the current political and economical situation, providing stability in the abovementioned spheres and creating the grounds for the future improvements made for the benefit of the country and its citizens. Amos A. G. 2010. American Revolution 2010: A Tea Party: Patriot’s Call to  Arms. Indianapolis, IN: Dog Ear Publishing. Amos suggests a deep analysis of the movement called A Tea Party and considers its further influence on the country and the political stability. He explains where the given movement roots from and clarifies the multiple issues which the Tea Party covers. In spite of the controversy of the topic, Amos manages to give a precise definition of what the Tea party is and what has caused it to emerge. The author d escribes the main events which the Tea Party has triggered and the steps that have been undertaken by its representatives to make changes to the United States and the political structure of the USA. Explaining the factors which underlie the movement, Amos also provides a fair evaluation of the benefits which the party has brought to the country as well as the losses which the party has caused. A deep and thoughtful analysis adds to the overall impression of the book. Court, Jamie. 2010 The Progressive’s Guide to Raise Hell: How to Win  Grassroots Campaign, Pass Ballot Box Laws, and Get the Change We  Voted for – a Direct Democracy Toolkit. White River Jct., VT: Chelsea Green Publishing. A prolific writer and a perfect analytical thinker, Jamie Court helps the readers to understand the processes that have been going on for a long time in the sphere of politics, namely among the Democrats. With genuine humor and sincerity the author explores the difficult relationshi ps within the parliament and among its members, helping the audience to see what is really going on in the sphere of political life of the United States government. Instead of presenting the facts in a dry and boring way, Court makes his audience feel the very essence of the political atmosphere in the U. S. government. The writer depicts the political structure of the country in the most open and clear way, making people feel as if they had seen the processes described on their own. Hirsch, Jeffrey A., Hirsch, Yale. 2009. Stock Trader’s Almanac 2010. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. In spite of the fact that statistics is one of the spheres where most people start feeling uncertain and unsure, Jeffrey Hirsch provides the statistic data in the most precise way. He observes the events in the political life of the United States to make the rest of the people, who do not belong to the governmental structures, see the reports about the most important political and economical ev ents in the country. The graphs which he draws and the schemes depicting the increase or the decrease in a particular sphere of political life of the American society, he does the work of an utter importance. Thus, the statistic records which he has provided his audience with as for the past decade were of extreme importance for the given work, for they made it possible to observe the situation in the economical and political life in the USA with great accuracy. The results of the midterm elections in 2008 and the prognoses for the 2010 were deep and thorough. Rodriguez, A. 2010. Revisioning Diversity in Communication Studies. Leicester: Troubadour Publishing. A man of much influence in the sphere of political life, Rodriguez helps the readers to clarify several issues concerning the different interpretations of the Constitution which have caused a lot of quarrels in the Parliament. The writer gives a deep and precise analysis of the events which have triggered the split in the Parl iament and the reasons for a different understanding of the Constitution by some of the members of parliament. It is impossible to say that Rodriguez supports any of the parties. He gives a precise description of each of the parties, as well as provides the reasons for them to adhere t this very line of conduct, yet the writer stays cool-blooded and does not tend to support any of the opinions suggested. Schmidt, S. W., et al. 2009. American Government and Politics Today. –  Texas Edition, 2009-2010. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. A prolific modern writer, Schmidt has created a work which can be counted for something that the mankind will value for years. A just and fair analysis of the current political situation in the United States is what the author performs in his book. Giving precise characteristics of each and every event concerning the on-coming midterm elections, the author gives a precise characteristic of the processes in the parliament of the United States, as well as the relationship between the members of the parties and the infrastructure of the U. S. government in general. Shedding the light on the most recent events in the political life of the USA, he makes ordinary people see what is going on in the governmental structure and understand the reasons, the prerequisites and the probable results of the events in question. Shultz, D. 2005. Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court. New York, NY: Infobase Publishing. Shultz is a person who can provide the population with the most precise and certain data on the Supreme Court of the United States. Every single bit of information about the above-mentioned establishment will not pass unnoticed by this encyclopedia. Shultz has gathered all the events which have occurred so far in the Supreme Court and has suggested the work of his to the audience. He has unlocked a lot of secrets of the processes which happen in the Supreme Court and has explained the principles on which the Court’s work is b ased. Making the situation even clearer, the author suggests a look on the Constitution and the way it has been considered through the history of the Supreme Court. Clarifying some issues on the split in reading the ideas of the Constitution, he makes the readers see what has been untold for several years running. Vile, J. R. 2010. A Companion to the United States Constitution and Its  Amendments. Santa-Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. Vile is the person who can tell literally everything concerning the USA Constitution and its interpretations through years. He explains numerous things which have been unknown by the ordinary people for quite long and explains the clue issues about the amendments which have been applied to the Constitution. Also considering the results which have been triggered by the above-mentioned amendments, Vile delivers to the readers completely new information and helps them to see the answers to the multiple questions which may arise as they get acquainted with the id eas of the amendments which have been undertaken by the government. What Vile does is providing the link between the government and the citizens of the country, for the latter to be aware of the political changes that occur in the country. Watts, Duncan. 2010. Dictionary of American Government and Politics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. A great politician and a great writer, Watts has suggested a new book to his audience. With his book, Watts has created the missing link between the government and the population, which is supposed to help to solve several problems which have been brewing for long time between the two. Watts has created a sphere of human’s life where people and the government can find a common language. He has explored the issue of the midterm elections and has suggested several predictions on what will follow the midterm elections in 2010, as well as has suggested his ideas about who is going to win in the elections. A genuine style of his allows Wat ts to write about politics in such a way so that every single person could be interested in the suggested object for discussion. His book has helped to discover several important features of the election process in the USA.

An Overview of Hydrogen essays

An Overview of Hydrogen essays Hydrogen is the first element on the periodic table. It has only one electron and one energy level. Having only one proton and one electron causes it to be very light in weight. The British scientist Henry Cavendish is given credit with discovering hydrogen in 1766, but studies show that German-Swiss alchemist Paracelsus in the 16th had handled it first. It gets its name from the words hudÛr, meaning water, and gennan, meaning generate, thus giving it water generator. It was named this because of Cavendish's experiment where he combined oxygen and hydrogen. Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas (at room temperature) and highly explosive. It if the least dense gas known to man. Only about 1.9 mg dissolves in a liter of water at 0Â ° C. Its classification is a non-metal. Hydrogen has a hexagonal crystal structure. The melting point of hydrogen is 14Â ° K and the boiling point is 20.28Â ° K. The atomic mass of hydrogen is 1.00794 amu. Because it has only one electron, it will react very quickly and, in many cases, violently. To see for yourself combine hydrogen with fluorine. Hydrogen has three isotopes. The first is H-1, Protium, which is stable. Protium makes up 98% of naturally occurring hydrogen. The second is H-2, Deuterium, which is also stable. Deuterium makes up 1.99% of naturally occurring hydrogen. The third is H-3, Tritium, which is radioactive. Tritium has a half-life of 12.3 years. Tritium makes up about 0.001% of naturally occurring hydrogen. Hydrogen has numerous uses, the most common of those are balloons, metal refining, and production of electricity. Some of those uses are dangerous. The Hindenburg is a prime example of the unstable state of hydrogen. Another example of just how dangerous hydrogen is the thermonuclear bomb. Developed under the name of the Manhattan Project during WWII, the bomb proved both useful and devastating. They are estimated at being able to kill about 75,000 people instantl...

Index Minerals Defined and Explained in Geology

Index Minerals Defined and Explained in Geology As rocks are subjected to heat and pressure, they change or metamorphose. Different minerals appear in any given rock depending upon the type of rock and the amount of heat and pressure the rock undergoes. Geologists look at the minerals in rocks to determine how much heat and pressure - and thus how much metamorphosis - the rock has undergone. Certain minerals, called index minerals, only appear in certain rocks at certain pressures, Thus, index minerals can tell geologists how much the rock has metamorphosed. Examples of Index Minerals The most widely used index minerals are,  in ascending order of pressure/temperature,  are biotite,  the zeolites,  chlorite,  prehnite, biotite,  hornblende,  garnet, glaucophane, staurolite,  sillimanite,  and glaucophane.   When these minerals are found in particular types of rocks, they can indicate the minimum amount of pressure and/or temperature the rock has experienced. For example, slate, when it undergoes metamorphosis, changes first to phyllite, then to schist, and finally to gneiss. When slate is seen to contain chlorite, it is understood to have undergone a low grade of metamorphosis. Mudrock, a sedimentary rock, contains quarts at all grades of metamorphosis. Other minerals, however, are added as the rock undergoes different zones of metamorphosis. The minerals are added in the following order: biotite, garnet, staurolite, kyanite, sillimanite. If a piece of mudrock contains garnet but no kyanite, it has probably undergone only a low grade of metamorphosis. If, however, it contains sillimanite, it has undergone extreme metamorphosis.

Sustainable architecture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sustainable architecture - Research Paper Example Sustainable architecture starts with linkage to personal values and involves the social, environmental and economic conditions of a project. Similarly, architectural expression emanates from this desire, responding to certain watershed, locations, sites, societies and proximities. The answers to what constitutes sustainable architecture embrace a range as wide and dynamic as the challenges facing the globe and the statements list is as diverse and extensive as the civilization the dominate the world. Sustainable development embraces a balanced sociocultural, ecological and economic progress. The above elements also characterize sustainable architecture. Construction and design is one of the extensive world industries; hence their effects on sustainability are enormous, (Turrent 85). The metropolis and municipalities people have designed and constructed to satisfy their ever-increasing requirements have been unproductively consuming the resources of the earth, while declining to satis fy millions of humans. Sustainable architecture is a necessity if people wish to ensure human and enduring planet existence. Attaining sustainable architecture needs a multifaceted global effort by all countries. Sustainable architectural practices must appear in all places, address various challenges, occur in various levels, function in different contexts, serve various requirements and limitations, be applicable at various scales and use diverse disciplines. Similarly, the possibilities, requirements, potentials are diverse in each nation, similar to levels of education, techniques, industrializations, mechanisms, strategies and motivation. Each nation, person and community, should identify best-suited remedies, and via domestic action contribute to progress at a global level. Sustainable architecture is sweeping change in that it can be attained globally. There are various areas to start, various points to address the challenge, diverse attractive ways to construct structures an d towns and increased effective ways to utilize, replenish and recycle resources. In other words, it ranges from high- tech remedies to low technological strategies, research, advancements, education, industrial achievements, innovation of design, economic aspects, legislative measures and enormous adoption of beneficial practices as principle practices. Significant potential lies in substituting adverse measures with beneficial measures and increasing the advancements in architectural structures and cities all over the globe. Sustainable construction should support better living that incorporates better utilization of land, urban development and construction. Better land use involves preservation of useful, natural areas and ensures health balance amidst constructed and natural environments. Better urban planning entail proficient means of transportation and effective systems of infrastructure – constructed to reduce consumption, garbage and affluence during utilization. Eff icient towns, municipalities and structures, are long lasting, appealing and flexible to other future uses, effective in resource use (energy and raw materials such as recycling after use), and well suited to environmental, human and society needs. Sustainable arch

Russian Literature Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Russian Literature - Assignment Example This search symbolizes the dissatisfaction in his life and the craving for someone to complete this search. Furthermore, the fragrance and moisture of flowers signify the freshness of true love. The novelty of these feelings arouses Gurov to new heights of emotions and experiences. Finally, Chekhov further uses situational irony to show how Gurov changes. Gurov falls in love with who he calls an inferior race, which actually made him part of the better race, because love changed him to become a better person. Gurov sees women as an â€Å"inferior race† (362) and his first impression of Anna is that she is pathetic. By being in love with an inferior race, the situational irony is that Gurov has transformed into a â€Å"better race,† where he sheds the monotony of his life behind and experiences something so passionate and liberating. However, it remains ironic that Gurov keeps this life a secret, when it is only the life he ever wanted to live.

Organizational Reuirements for Work Teams Essay

Organizational Reuirements for Work Teams - Essay Example In comparison with individual performance, teamwork proves to be very prolific when a certain duty requires performance of a set of numerous skills and experiences of diverse levels. The potentials of employees are best utilized in groups and teams which tend to be more supple and reactive toward varying and serious incidents. Good quality teamwork and the results acquired through a shared and synchronized effort adds a lot to the concept of organizational culture. A work team struggles to make joint endeavor and the result is more dynamic than all efforts when done individually. This benefit is what all organizations are working to get by deploying work teams no matter how expensive team management is. In a hospital setting as mine, work teams are a very effective means of achieving high quality management of patients, hospital, employees, and information base. Metzger (2007) asserts in her article that, â€Å"Most healthcare professionals agree that teamwork provides comprehensive patient care and better functional outcomes for patients.† However, she says that assembling a team within a medical center or a university-affiliated hospital setting is a much difficult task. ... They studied the core competencies required by the team leader that help him to make the team members perform multiple tasks at the same time, and found that, â€Å"Managing a department that is going through continuous changes is often difficult† (p.124). To counter this difficulty, the team leaders are required to develop such competencies and leadership qualities with the help of which they are able to â€Å"perform new roles and functions in the complex health care environment†, according to Guo and Company (2007, p.124). Their study illustrates that ethical leadership is the most important organizational requirement that must be set in place to set the stage for successful work teams. Leggat (2007) asserts that the basic requirement for setting up of effective health care teams within hospitals is its effective team members. If the team members have the required skills and teamwork competencies, then this ensures the successful functioning of work teams and guarant ees that a collaborative effort will be made toward the achievement of high quality health care. According to Leggat, although it is well accepted that effective team members are vital for healthcare work teams, yet it is still not understood as to what basic competencies are required of these team members to be effective. He conducted a survey whose participants were members of a state branch of the professional association of Australian health service managers, and found that â€Å"leadership, knowledge of organizational goals and strategies and organizational commitment, respect for others, commitment to working collaboratively and to achieving a quality outcome† were the most important organizational requirements for the setting up of productive work teams inside a

Human Resources in healthcare administration Case Study

Human Resources in healthcare administration - Case Study Example As the director of the department of radiology, I will treat the ultimatum issued by Arthur with urgency and care. Specifically, I will engage him and his colleagues in negotiations to allow for more time to address the staffing shortage. I will explain to him the challenges faced by the department in hiring the technologists, and strategies in place to address the problem. Furthermore, I will involve all the relevant persons, including the department’s employees, in seeking solutions to the problem. The demands raised by Arthur are justified and legitimate. Ignoring the ultimatum will lead to a further shortage and hence the department will be in a crisis, and this will significantly affect the operations of the hospital. Since he is the senior technologist, ignoring the ultimatum and allowing him to leave may result in the departure of the other two technologists. The major issue in the case is the inability of the hospital to hire and retain technologists for special procedures. This has put enormous pressure on the existing workforce, and this is causing discomfort among them. This presents a significant problem because the current staff is unable to cope with the heavy workload, and the current staff members are willing to terminate their services. Unfortunately, the ultimatum has been issued by the senior technologist, who is the leader of the group. Should he leave, it is likely that the other two will leave as well. Given the difficulty in hiring these specialists, allowing the current members of staff leave will only make bad matters worse. Furthermore, promising the current staff that this shortage will be addressed soon is risky since it is not guaranteed that the problem will be addressed in time. Overall, the staffing challenge in this department makes it more difficult to retain the current workforce, and this puts the operations of the department and those of the entire

HCM427-0801A-01 Human Resource Management in Health Care - Phase 3 Essay

HCM427-0801A-01 Human Resource Management in Health Care - Phase 3 Discussion Board - Essay Example secretary, we have been told that she is no longer interested with her job since she strongly feels that all of her improvement suggestions are not taken seriously by the doctors. Based on the medical secretary’s explanation, it is very clear that she is a leader in her own way because of her desire to develop improvement suggestions for the betterment of the health care organization. In line with this matter, self-management serves as an effective intrinsic motivation on her part. (Graham & Unruh, 1990) It means that simple one-on-one rewards such as a sincere acknoweldgement for her effort and determination to develop improvement suggestions is all she is asking for. Basically, there are two types of rewards that could improve the job performance and satisfaction of the employees. These are the company rewards which are offered by the organization management and the one-on-one rewards which are being extended by the employees’ bosses. Traditional reward system such as compensation and promotions are slowly becoming ineffective in terms of motivating the generation X and Y employees. (Craig, March-April 1989) Material rewards such as cash incentives could also result in demotivating the employees. (Anthony, Dearden, & Bedford, 1989; Cecil Hill, Spring 1989) Basically, the main reason why ‘pay-for-performance’ concept fails to work is because in exchange with the money, the pride and job satisfaction of employees suffer. Eventhough extrinsic rewards such as increase in pay or bonus given to employees could still be effective in some cases, a more recent study shows that intrinsic rewards / motivation such as congratulating the employees for a job well done either verbally, written on a personal note, through public recognition, or implementing a celebration for success in work performance is more effective in motivating employees to increase their work performance. (Graham & Unruh, 1990) The best way to retain and regain the job satisfaction of

Erp systems and integration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Erp systems and integration - Essay Example This problem is overcome by ERP, which encapsulates the entire spectrum of business processes, including sales management, production management, accounting, human resources, maintenance management, quality management etc. ERP uses a single database in which information from different functional domains is stored. As a result, the information needs of different entities can be met from a single location. This integrated approach can, for instance, allow the production department located in one geographical area to send financial information to the head office and the marketing information of one location can be accessed by the production department at another location, so that the market patterns can be identified and the appropriate responses can be designed. Proper implementation of ERP ensures that the management has relevant and timely information at its disposal for effective decision-making. The effectiveness of the ERP system in business can be judged by the fact that in spite of its high cost of implementation, many organizations have adopted ERP systems. Business modeling is a precursor to business process reengineering, ERP implementation etc. A business model is a diagrammatic representation of different business systems and processes, and their interconnections and interdependencies. The purpose of business modeling is to provide a general overview of the operations of a business without going into the technical details of the processes and systems. It defines the activities performed and workflow structure in a broad manner. A good business model should be comprehensible, coherent and complete. It should define clearly the different systems and subsystems of a business system. A business model is developed on the basis of organization’s goals, objectives and strategic plans. Further, the model illustrates how

HCM427-0801A-01 Human Resource Management in Health Care - Phase 3 Essay

HCM427-0801A-01 Human Resource Management in Health Care - Phase 3 Discussion Board - Essay Example secretary, we have been told that she is no longer interested with her job since she strongly feels that all of her improvement suggestions are not taken seriously by the doctors. Based on the medical secretary’s explanation, it is very clear that she is a leader in her own way because of her desire to develop improvement suggestions for the betterment of the health care organization. In line with this matter, self-management serves as an effective intrinsic motivation on her part. (Graham & Unruh, 1990) It means that simple one-on-one rewards such as a sincere acknoweldgement for her effort and determination to develop improvement suggestions is all she is asking for. Basically, there are two types of rewards that could improve the job performance and satisfaction of the employees. These are the company rewards which are offered by the organization management and the one-on-one rewards which are being extended by the employees’ bosses. Traditional reward system such as compensation and promotions are slowly becoming ineffective in terms of motivating the generation X and Y employees. (Craig, March-April 1989) Material rewards such as cash incentives could also result in demotivating the employees. (Anthony, Dearden, & Bedford, 1989; Cecil Hill, Spring 1989) Basically, the main reason why ‘pay-for-performance’ concept fails to work is because in exchange with the money, the pride and job satisfaction of employees suffer. Eventhough extrinsic rewards such as increase in pay or bonus given to employees could still be effective in some cases, a more recent study shows that intrinsic rewards / motivation such as congratulating the employees for a job well done either verbally, written on a personal note, through public recognition, or implementing a celebration for success in work performance is more effective in motivating employees to increase their work performance. (Graham & Unruh, 1990) The best way to retain and regain the job satisfaction of

How Does the Iranian Nuclear Program Affect the GCC Countries National Research Paper - 1

How Does the Iranian Nuclear Program Affect the GCC Countries National Security - Research Paper Example the United States and the United Kingdom proved that Iran had the economic strength to support its nuclear program and so the worry arose on the consequences of such an expedition on the security of the world and that of the GCC countries (Hagel & Loeb, 2014). The resistance that the whole project has faced has been as a result of the concerns that such a serious and delicate process can cause to the whole world. While the GCC countries feel that it is their right to take care of the world by controlling such a process involving nuclear power, the Iranians feel that the concerns being raised are pre-textual and malicious and aimed at preventing it from getting the nuclear power that it needs urgently (BBC News, 2014). According to Hagel & Loeb, 2014 the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) has expressed its concerns over the Iranian nuclear program. The GCC countries include the Kingdom of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and The United Arab Emirates. These countries possess a significant economic interdependence both in economic, politics, culture and also in religion. Since Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the UAE are major Oil exporting hubs, they have a significant economic dependence and setting of policies that govern the oil trade. On the other, Qatar is well known for producing natural gas and since this lies in line with the oil production it serves as a uniting factor among the countries. Almost all citizens in the GCC countries are Muslims which serves as a uniting and common factor to help unite them further. The political status of the countries in the GCC umbrella is based on the Islamic religion as it is the dominant one in the region. Though Iran is not a member of the GCC, the nuclear program has been viewed as a direct threat to the GCC countries and so they have resisted it in one accord. The national security of any country involves maintaining the survival of the state through the use of its economic power and setting of foreign

Leadership Style Development

Leadership Style Development LEADERSHIP A process that influences other people to achieve an objective and guides the company in a way to make it more coherent and cohesive is called leadership. You can also define leadership as a process of leading people in the right direction in order to achieve goals. LEADERSHIP STYLES Leadership style is the manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people. Whether you are managing a team at work, captaining your sports team or leading a major corporation, your leadership style is crucial to your success. Consciously, or subconsciously, you will no doubt use some of the leadership styles. The style that individuals use will be based on a combination of their beliefs and values and preferences , as well as the organizational culture and norms. The leadership styles we look at here are: Autocratic leadership Bureaucratic leadership Charismatic leadership Democratic leadership Laissez faire leadership people oriented leadership Servant leadership Task-oriented leadership Transactional leadership Transformational leadership Situational Leadership 1. Autocratic Leadership: This is often considered the classical approach. It is one in which the manager retains as much power and decision-making authority as possible. The manager does not consult employees, nor are they allowed to give any input. Employees are expected to obey orders without receiving any explanations. The motivation environment is produced by creating a structured set of rewards and punishments. 2. Bureaucratic Leadership: Bureaucratic leadership is where the manager manages by the book ¨ everything must be done according to procedure or policy. If it isnt covered by the book, the manager refers to the next level above him or her. This manager is really more of a police officer than a leader. He or she enforces the rules. This is a very appropriate style for work involving serious safety risks (such as working with machinery, with toxic substances or at heights) or where large sums of money are involved (such as cash-handling). 3. Charismatic Leadership: A charismatic leadership style can appear similar to a transformational leadership style, in that the leader injects huge doses of enthusiasm into his or her team, and is very energetic in driving others forward. The Charismatic Leader gathers followers through dint of personality and charm, rather than any form of external power or authority. It is interesting to watch a Charismatic Leader working the room as they move from person to person. They pay much attention to the person they are talking to at any one moment, making that person feel like they are, for that time, the most important person in the world. 4. Democratic Leadership Style: The democratic leadership style is also called the participative style as it encourages employees to be a part of the decision making. The democratic manager keeps his or her employees informed about everything that affects their work and shares decision making and problem solving responsibilities. This style requires the leader to be a coach who has the final say, but gathers information from staff members before making a decision. Democratic leadership can produce high quality and high quantity work for long periods of time. 5. Laissez-Faire Leadership Style: This French phrase means leave it be and is used to describe a leader who leaves his or her colleagues to get on with their work. It can be effective if the leader monitors what is being achieved and communicates this back to his or her team regularly. The laissez-faire leadership style is also known as the hands-off ¨ style. It is one in which the manager provides little or no direction and gives employees as much freedom as possible. All authority or power is given to the employees and they must determine goals, make decisions, and resolve problems on their own. Most often, laissez-faire leadership works for teams in which the individuals are very experienced and skilled self-starters. 6. People-Oriented Leadership or Relations-Oriented Leadership: This style of leadership is the opposite of task-oriented leadership: the leader is totally focused on organizing, supporting and developing the people in the leaders team. A participative style, it tends to lead to good teamwork and creative collaboration. However, taken to extremes, it can lead to failure to achieve the teams goals. 7. Servant Leadership: The servant leader serves others, rather than others serving the leader. Serving others thus comes by helping them to achieve and improve. When someone, at any level within an organization, leads simply by virtue of meeting the needs of his or her team, he or she is described as a leader. In many ways, servant leadership is a form of democratic leadership, as the whole team tends to be involved in decision-making. The leader has responsibility for the followers. Leaders have a responsibility towards society and those who are disadvantaged. People who want to help others best do this by leading them. 8. Task-Oriented Leadership: A highly task-oriented leader focuses only on getting the job done, and can be quite autocratic. He or she will actively define the work and the roles required, put structures in place, plan, organize and monitor. However, as task-oriented leaders spare little thought for the well-being of their teams, this approach can suffer many of the flaws of autocratic leadership, with difficulties in motivating and retaining staff. Task-oriented leaders can benefit from an understanding of the Blake-Mouton Managerial Grid, which can help them identify specific areas for development that will help them involve people more. 9. Transactional Leadership: The transactional leader works through creating clear structures whereby it is clear what is required of their subordinates, and the rewards that they get for following orders. Punishments are not always mentioned, but they are also well-understood and formal systems of discipline are usually in place. 10. Transformational Leadership: A person with this leadership style is a true leader who inspires his or her team with a shared vision of the future. Transformational leaders are highly visible, and spend a lot of time communicating. They dont necessarily lead from the front, as they tend to delegate responsibility amongst their teams. While their enthusiasm is often infectious, they can need to be supported by detail people. Working for a Transformational Leader can be a wonderful and uplifting experience. They put passion and energy into everything. They care about you and want you to succeed. 11. Using the Right Style-Situational Leadership: While the Transformation Leadership approach is often a highly effective style to use in business, there is no one right way to lead or manage that suits all situations. When a decision is needed, an effective leader does not just fall into a single preferred style, such as using transactional or transformational methods. In practice, as they say, things are not that simple. Appropriate Style of Leadership for 21st Century: A good leader will find him or herself switching instinctively between styles according to the people and work they are dealing with. This is often referred to as situational leadership. For example, the manager of an Avalon Aviation Academy trains new candidates using a bureaucratic style to ensure operatives know the procedures that achieve the right standards of product quality and workplace safety. The same manager may adopt a more participative style of leadership when working on production line improvement with his or her team of supervisors. There are some forces that influence the style to be used after assessing the questions: How much time is available? Are relationships based on respect and trust or on disrespect? Who has the information you, your employees, or both? How well your employees are trained and how well you know the task. Internal conflicts. Stress levels. Type of task. Is it structured, unstructured, complicated, or simple? As the new era has been started with the advancement in the technology field and there is no single style is better in 21st century. The best leadership style of 21st century would be the mix of all or some of the above stated styles as per the scenario of the organization. Even selecting the appropriate style for leadership these qualities should be in the leader to manage the organization. A good leader uses all the above styles, depending on what forces are involved between the followers, the leader, and the situation. Some examples include: Using an authoritarian style on a new employee who is just learning the job. The leader is competent and a good coach. The employee is motivated to learn a new skill. The situation is a new environment for the employee. Using a participative style with a team of workers who know their job. The leader knows the problem, but does not have all the information. The employees know their jobs and want to become part of the team. Using a delegative style with a worker who knows more about the job than you. You cannot do everything! The employee needs to take ownership of her job. Also, the situation might call for you to be at other places, doing other things. Using all three: Telling your employees that a procedure is not working correctly and a new one must be established (authoritarian). Asking for their ideas and input on creating a new procedure (participative). Delegating tasks in order to implement the new procedure (delegative). The most appropriate mix of leadership styles is Democratic, Servant and Transformational Leadership. The most using style in all the organization of the world. But there are also some situations where the leadership style is successful in each situation. These are followings: In some situations, an autocratic or authoritarian style is appropriate: In critical situations, where one leader is required When the leader has specific knowledge that others do not In some situations, a delegative style is appropriate: If a team member knows more than you do about a task When work loads and deadlines are pressing (shared success builds team cohesion) In most situations, a participative style is appropriate: Especially when team members understand the objectives and their role in the task To gain engagement and buy-in from all team members (it is noted that participative decision making is different to participative leadership and not always possible) Question: How come a leader can be effective in one organization move to another and seems to fail miserably discuss? A good leader is one who does not simply control his team members. Instead he sets himself as a role model. The task of the leader is to take the people from where they are to where they have not been. A leader need not be a superman. These are the following situation in which different style of leadership fail. The reasons behind these are Autocratic Leadership Style: It is the most effective style to use in these situations:- New, untrained employees who do not know which tasks to perform or which procedures to follow Effective supervision can be provided only through detailed orders and instructions Employees do not respond to any other leadership style There are high-volume production needs on a daily basis There is limited time in which to make a decision A managers power is challenged by an employee The area was poorly managed Work needs to be coordinated with another department or organization But is it will be miserably failed in these situations in the same organization or in the different organization Employees become tense, fearful, or resentful Employees expect to have their opinions heard Employees begin depending on their manager to make all their decisions There is low employee morale, high turnover and absenteeism and work stoppage Democratic Leadership Style: The democratic leadership style is most effective when The leader wants to keep employees informed about matters that affect them. The leader wants employees to share in decision-making and problem-solving duties. The leader wants to provide opportunities for employees to develop a high sense of personal growth and job satisfaction. There is a large or complex problem that requires lots of input to solve. Changes must be made or problems solved that affect employees or groups of employees. You want to encourage team building and participation. Democratic leadership style should be failed badly in these circumstances where There is not enough time to get everyones input. Its easier and more cost-effective for the manager to make the decision. The business cant afford mistakes. The manager feels threatened by this type of leadership. Employee safety is a critical concern. Bureaucratic Leadership: This style can be effective when the organization of this type. Employees are performing routine tasks over and over. Employees need to understand certain standards or procedures. Employees are working with dangerous or delicate equipment that requires a definite set of procedures to operate. Safety or security training is being conducted. Employees are performing tasks that require handling cash. This style is ineffective in organizational environments where Work habits form that is hard to break, especially if they are no longer useful. Employees lose their interest in their jobs and in their fellow workers. Employees do only what is expected of them and no more. Laissez-Faire Leadership Style: This is an effective style where behavior of employees in an organization is like these Employees are highly skilled, experienced, and educated. Employees have pride in their work and the drive to do it successfully on their own. Outside experts, such as staff specialists or consultants are being used Employees are trustworthy and experienced. This style should seem failed when the following situations falls. It makes employees feel insecure at the unavailability of a manager. The manager cannot provide regular feedback to let employees know how well they are doing. Managers are unable to thank employees for their good work. The manager doesnt understand his or her responsibilities and is hoping the employees can cover for him or her. Situational Leadership: These are the most effective approach for you in a situation where; The skill levels and experience of the members of your team. The work involved (routine or new and creative). The organizational environment (stable or radically changing, conservative or adventurous). You own preferred or natural style. Question: Compare and contrast the leadership of Tony Blair and Pervaiz Musharraf.Use relevant course module in your discussion. Do you think these leaders can continue their success? Give reasons. Tony Blair as a Democratic Leader Tony Blair (Anthony Charles Lynton Blair) was born in May 6, 1953, Edinburgh, Scotland but spent much of his childhood in Durham, England. He studied law at Oxford and then practiced law until 1983. Blair was soon a rising Leader of what became known as the new Labour movement, with positions more centrist on fiscal affairs and social issues like crime. He became leader of the Labour Party in 1994, and three years later Blair was 44, making him the youngest British prime minister since Lord Liverpool in 1812. Blair was re-elected in Parliamentary elections in 2001 and 2005. He has always described himself as a social democrat and no doubt.he is a democratic leader of Labour Party. He led the party to victories in the 1997, 2001, and 2005 elections. He made several decisions with the mutual consulting of his party and with the coordination of opposition party. Blairs government implemented a number decision in his regime as listed below 1997 manifesto pledges, Introducing the minimum wage, Human Rights Act Freedom of Information Act Regional devolution, Establishing the Scottish Parliament, The National Assembly for Wales, The Northern Ireland Assembly. Control of interest rates to the Bank of England, Good Friday Agreement. War on Terror in 2001 invasion of Afghanistan and 2003 invasion of Iraq. In his first six years, Blair had British troops ordered into battle five times Rights for gay people in the Civil Partnership Act 2004 Tony Blair as Prime Minister has played a significant role in †¢ Foreign Policy Blair argued that the relation with US is in Britains interest to protect and strengthen the bond regardless of who is in the White House. However, one-sided compromising personal and political closeness tends to serious discussion of the term Poodle-ism in the media. †¢ Security policy Blair introduced anti-terrorism and ID card legislation.Under Blairs government the amount of new legislation increased which attracted criticism. Blair increased police powers by adding to the number of arrestable offences, compulsory DNA recording and the use of dispersal orders. Relationship as a Democratic Leader : Tony Blair made relation with the UK parliament and other world role as a democratic leader Relationship with Parliament As a diplomatic leader,he replaced the then twice-weekly 15-minute sessions of Prime Ministers Questions held on Tuesdays and Thursdays with a single 30-minute session on Wednesdays. In addition to PMQs, Blair held monthly press conferences at which he fielded questions from journalists. Relation with other leaders of World Blair had a deep feeling for Israel as he born in part from his faith. Blair met Michael Levy a pop music mogul and fundraiser. He had been cool towards the right-wing Netanyahu governmenta and Ehud Barak, with whom Blair forged a close relationship. He also responded positively to Arafat, whom he had met thirteen times since becoming prime minister, regarding him as essential to future negotiations. Blair forged friendships with several conservative European leaders, including Silvio Berlusconi of Italy, Angela Merkel of Germany and more recently Nicolas Sarkozy of France. Post-Prime Ministerial career Diplomacy After resignation from his post of Prim minister he also served as a leader in the diplomatic envoy in Middle East for the United Nations, European Union, United States, and Russia. In May 2008, Tony Blair announced a new plan for peace and for Palestinian rights, based heavily on the ideas of the Peace Valley plan. Private sector In January 2008, it was confirmed that Blair would be joining investment bank JPMorgan Chase in a senior advisory capacity and that he would advise Zurich Financial Services on climate change. Blair also gives lectures for a 90-minute speech. Yale University announced on 7 March 2008 that Blair will teach a course on issues of faith and globalisation at the Yale Schools of Management and Divinity as a Howland distinguished fellow during the 2008-09 academic year Charity On 14 November 2007, Blair launched the Tony Blair Sports Foundation, which aims to increase childhood participation in sports activities, especially in the North East of England, where a larger proportion of children are socially excluded, and to promote overall health and prevent childhood obesity. Honours Blair is presented with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush. On 22 May 2008, Blair received an honorary law doctorate from Queens University Belfast for distinction in public service and roles in the Northern Ireland peace process. On 13 January 2009, Blair was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush in recognition of exemplary achievement and to convey the utmost esteem of the American people, War on Terror and his role in achieving peace in Northern Ireland. Downfall of Blair Leadership Blair has no doubut a good leader ship qualities as a democratic leader but due to some decesion made in his tenur of Prime minister,the graph of his popularity go down. 1. Relation with US Government As the United Kingdom has its own place in the world but due to one sided relation with US government the, Blair was criticized by the public as well as other (Media Foreign leader). Nelson Mandela said that Blair as the U.S. foreign minister. Blair has also often openly been referred to as Bushs poodle. Kendall Myers, a senior analyst at the State Department, reportedly said that he felt a little ashamed of Bushs treatment of the Prime Minister and that his attempts to influence U.S. policy were typically ignored: Anthony Seldon revealing conversation between Bush and Blair, with the former addressing the latter as Yo, Blair was recorded when they did not know. Blair was sometimes paying insufficient attention both to the views of his own Cabinet colleagues and to those of the House of Commons.Due to this,he was criticised as not that of a prime minister and head of government, which he was, but of a president and head of state-which he was not. Nobel prizewinning playwright Harold Pinter and former Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohammad, have accused Blair of war crimes. 2. Invasion of Iraq The participation in the invasion on Iraq in 2003 due to the reason the weapons of mass destruction.Blair strongly supported United States foreign policy rarding invasion of Iraq. As a result, he faced criticism over the policy itself and the circumstances in which it was decided upon-especially his claims that Iraq was developing weapons of mass destruction, which have not been discovered. 3. Israel-Lebanon Conflict Blair was criticized for his failure to immediately call for a ceasefire in the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, with members of his cabinet openly criticizing Israel. Jack Straw, the Leader of the House of Commons and former Foreign Secretary stated that Israels actions risked destabilizing all of Lebanon. Significant number of ministers pressured Blair to publicly criticize Israel over the scale of deaths and destruction in Lebanon. Yes, of course this leader can continue their success by using these; Keep communication open: If the marketplace of ideas is going to be open for business, everyone needs to feel comfortable enough to put their ideas on the table. The democratic leadership style thrives when all the considerations are laid out for everyone to examine. Focus the discussion: Its hard to keep unstructured discussion productive. Its the leaders job to balance being open to ideas and keeping everything on-topic. If the conversation begins to stray, remind everyone of the goal on hand and then steer it back. Make sure to take note of off-topic comments and try to return to them when they are pertinent. Be ready to commit: In the democratic leadership style, you get presented with so many possibilities and suggestions that it can be overwhelming and difficult to commit. But as the leader, when the time comes, you have to choose and do so with conviction. The team depends on the clear and unambiguous mandates to be committed. Respect the ideas: You and your team might not agree with every idea, and thats ok. It is important, however, that you create a healthy environment where those ideas are entertained and considered not maligned or the flow of ideas will slow to a trickle. Explain, but dont apologize: You want the advocates of the solutions that were not selected to understand that their thoughts were considered and had validity, but that ultimately you had strong reasons to go a different direction. Its important that the decision be communicated, but you should not apologize for deciding on what you think. Pervaiz Mascara as an Autocratic Leader General (ret) Pervez Musharraf, born 11 August 1943 in Nehar Wali Haveli meaning House Next to the Canal, situated in Kacha Saad Ullah Mohallah, Daryaganj in Delhi, British India, is a Pakistani politician and military figure who served as the tenth President of Pakistan (2001-2008) and the Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army (1998-2007).He took power on 12 October 1999, following a nonviolent military coup and subsequent ouster of the government of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. The military-led government stated its intention to restructure the political, economic and electoral systems. On May 12, 2000, Pakistans 12 member Supreme Court unanimously validated the October 1999 coup and granted Musharraf executive and legislative authority for 3 years from the coup date endorsing his governance. In 1961, he entered the Pakistan Military Academy at Kakul, graduating 11th in his class. He was commissioned on April 19, 1964 in the Artillery Regiment. Later he joined the Special Services Group and was posted to Field Artillery Regiments. A graduate of the Command and Staff College, Quetta, and the National Defence College, Rawalpindi, Musharraf is also a graduate of the Royal College of Defence Studies of the United Kingdom.During his tenure has done several deceision as an Autocratic Leader. Economy of Pakistan come out of the list of Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and Improvement of fiscal policies and macro-economic achievements. Space Program, which was last frozen in 1996 unfreezed in his tenure as well as new established a separated fund for SUPARCO to developed its high-powered HRLV, SLV, PSLV projects. War on Terror in 2001 invasion of Afghanistan Enlightened Moderation as an alternative to Islamic Poverty alleviation, the poverty level dropped from 34% to 24% and the overall living standard improves dramatically. Exceptional setup of 47 universities, including Virtual University Womens Protection Bill on 15 November 2006 Ethnic Minorities Rights, appointed a Christian, Derick Cyprian, as a federal minister.In August 2005, Justice Rana Bhagwandas (a Hindu) was sworn in as acting Chief Justice of Pakistan. Corruption in country decreases, as per Transparency International, from 11th most corrupt country to fall down to 41st. and In 2007, according to Transparency International, Pakistan is clearly ranked 138th out of 179 countries. Relationship as a Democratic Leader : India Musharraf was Chief of Army Staff at the time of Mujahideen incursions into India from Pakistan-administered Kashmir in the summer of 1999. Although Pakistan claimed that these were Kashmiri freedom fighters based in Indian-controlled Kashmir, later developments showed that they were Pakistani paramilitary soldiers backing up the separatists on the mountain top. Kashmir dispute The issue of Baglihar Dam at river chenab Disput of Sir Creek estuary at the mouth of the Rann of Kutch, Siachin glacier, issues of Gurdaspur and Ferozepurs status, China Musharraf accused Western leaders and media of politicizing the 2008 Summer Olympics by criticizing Chinas human rights record and its policy in Tibet. He also said he would cooperate with China, which is a historical ally to Pakistan, in the fight against terrorism. During President Musharrafs government, China for the first time allowed a pakistani president access to one of its most advanced and secret military research facilities. Saudi Arabia Pakistans relationship with Saudi Arabia continues to grow. After his coup in October 1999, Riyadh was the first foreign capital General Pervez Musharraf visited, to signify the importance he gave to PAK-Saudi relations. Both countries has common view on international issues such as Kashmir, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Iraq, Irans nuclear program, Afghanistan and reform of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC). President Musharraf honored King Abdullah by conferring upon him Pakistans highest civil award, Nishan-e-Pakistan, in a colorful investiture ceremony at the presidential palace. Honor In 2004, the President of Pakistan, General Pervez Musharraf was nominated in the final list of hopefuls for that years prestigious Nobel Peace Prize. It is not the very first time that a suggestion of awarding the Noble Peace Prize to President Musharraf has been made. Pakistani President in fighting terrorism against Al Qaeda and other extremist groups within Pakistan, several important figures and organisations have also begun supporting General Musharraf as the strongest entrant for the Noble Peace Prize. Downfall of Musharraf Leadership as a President Some of the issues cause the downfall of Musharrafs government are listed below. Suspension and reinstatement of the Chief Justice: On 9 March 2007, Musharraf suspended the Chief Justice of Pakistan, Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry, pressing corruption charges against him and filed a reference against the Chief Justice, in the Supreme Judicial Council Musharrafs moves sparked protests among Pakistani lawyers. On 12 March 2007, lawyers started Judicial Activism across Pakistan Lal Masjid siege The Musharraf government was forced to act against the Lal Masjid militants, after they formally announced the establishment of a parallel judicial system. The pro-Taliban Lal Masjid administration vowed to enforce Islamic laws in the federal capital and threatened to unleash a wave of suicide bombers if the government took any action to counter it. Emergency declared in Pakistan On 3 November 2007 Musharraf declared emergency rule across Pakistan. He suspended the Constitution, imposed State of Emergency, and fired the chief justice of the Supreme Court. Murder of Benazir Bhutto On 28 December,2007, suicide attack on Benazir Bhutto also creates hurdles to Musharraf and pakistani people becomes against his governement. Resignation from the Army On 2 Octo